JD-R Model: Pengaruh Sumber Daya, Keterikatan Kerja, dan Tuntutan terhadap Kinerja Karyawan
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35134/jpsy165.v16i3.249Keywords:
kinerja, sumber daya kerja, tuntutan pekerjaan, keterikatan kerja, keterlibatan kerjaAbstract
PT X is ceramics manufacturer in Tangerang, with indications of decline in performance over last 3 years. The assumption of decreased performance is due to lack of Job Resources, excessive work demands and existence of counterproductive behavior. In addition, the factors that can affect decreased performance are the lack of work engagement. This tudy aims to measure how the role of job resources affects job performance through work engagement as a mediator and job demands as moderator. Employees with minimum working period of 1 year and minimum staff position at PT X who will participate in research. Performance measurement tools uses IWPQ with 18 items statements, Job Resources and Job Demands uses JD-RQ tool with 17 Job Resource items and 23 Job demands items, Work Engagement uses UWES as measurement tool with 9 items statement. The sampling technique uses convenience sampling. The research sample is 120 with 17 data outliers. We Analyze with model 7 Bootstrapping for moderation and mediation effect were used to test the hypothetical model using SPSS 27. The results stated that Job Resources affect performance mediated by work engagement, but not moderated by job demands. Focusing on practitioner implications, companies need to increase work resources to employees in order to improve their performance, of course, by accommodating higher work attachment. Moreover, companies need to consider increasing compensation and benefits such as benefits, gathering events, training for all employees with staff levels and above so that they are more optimal at work.
References
S. Syamsuar., R. 2019. Reflianto. Pendidikan dan Tantangan Pembelajaran Berbasis Teknologi Informasi di Era Revolusi Industri 4.0,” E-Tech J. Ilm. Teknol. Pendidik., Vol. 6, No. 2. Https://doi.org/10.24036/et.v2i2.101343.
T. Widyastuti., R. Hidayat. 2018. Adaptation of Individual Work Performance Questionnaire (IWPQ) into Bahasa Indonesia. Int. J. Res. Stud. Psychol., Vol. 7, No. 2, 2018, Https://doi.org/10.5861/ijrsp.2018.3020.
L. Koopmans, C. M. Bernaards, V. H. Hildebrandt, W. B. Schaufeli, C. W. De Vet Henrica., A. J. Van Der Beek. 2019. Conceptual Frameworks of Individual Work Performance: A Systematic Review. J. Occup. Environ. Med., Vol. 53, No. 8, pp. 856–866. Https://doi.org/10.1097/JOM.0b013e318226a763.
A. B. Bakker., E. Demerouti. 2018. The Job Demands-Resources model: State of the art J. Manag. Psychol., Vol. 22, No. 3, pp. 309–328. Https://doi.org/10.1108/02683940710733115.
M. Amran, Z. Zamralita, and D. Lie. 2022. The Impact of Job Crafting Towards Performance with Work Engagement As a Mediator Among High School Teachers in South Tangerang, Indonesia, Proc. 3rd Tarumanagara Int. Conf. Appl. Soc. Sci. Humanit, Vol. 655, pp. 1651–1656, 2022 Https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.220404.267.
D. Putri, Zamralita., R. M. Idulfilastri. 2020. The Role of Personality Trait and Quality of Work Life on Job Performance with Work Engagement as a Mediator. Https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.201209.006.
D. Xanthopoulou, A. B. Baker, E. Heuven, E. Demerouti., W. B. Schaufeli. 2020. Working in the Sky: A Diary Study on Work Engagement Among Flight Attendants, J. Occup. Health Psychol., Vol. 13, No. 4, pp. 345–356. Https://doi.org/10.1037/1076-8998.13.4.345.
W. B. Schaufeli, A. B. Bakker., M. Salanova. 2019. The measurement of work engagement with a short questionnaire: A cross-national study, Educ. Psychol. Meas., Vol. 66, No. 4, pp. 701–716, 2006. Https://doi.org/10.1177/0013164405282471.
R. Cropanzano., T. A. Wright. 2020. When a Happy Worker Is Really a ‘Productive’ Worker: A Review and Further Refinement of the Happy-Productive Worker Thesis. Consult. Psychol. J., Vol. 53, No. 3, pp. 182–199. Https://doi.org/10.1037/1061-4087.53.3.182.
L. Koopmans, C. Bernaards, V. Hildebrandt, S. Van Buuren, A. J. Van Der Beek, and H. C. w. de Vet. 2022. Development of an Individual Work Performance Questionnaire. Int. J. Product. Perform. Manag, Vol. 62, No. 1, pp. 6–28, 2013, Https://doi.org/10.1108/17410401311285273.
Koopmans, C. Bernaards, V. Hildebrandt, S. Van Buuren, A. J. Van Der Beek, and H. C. w. de Vet, “Development of an individual work performance questionnaire,” Int. J. Product. Perform. Manag., vol. 62, no. 1, pp. 6–28, 2012, Https://doi.org/10.1108/17410401311285273.
E. Demerouti, A. B. Bakker, F. Nachreiner., W. B. Schaufeli. The Job Demands-Resource Model of Burnout. J. Appl. Psychol., Vol. 86, No. 3, pp. 499–512, 2001, Https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010863499.
W. B. Schaufeli., A. B. Bakker. 2020. Job Demands, Job Resources, and Their Relationship with Burnout and Engagement: A Multi-Sample Study. J. Organ. Behav., Vol. 25, No. 3, pp. 293–315. Https://doi.org/10.1002/job.248.
A. B. Bakker, E. Demerouti., A. I. Sanz-Vergel. 2022. Burnout and Work Engagement: The JDR Approach. Annu. Rev. Organ. Psychol. Organ. Behav., Vol. 1, pp. 389–411. Https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-031413-091235.
W. Schaufeli. 2021. Engaging Leadership: How to Promote Work Engagement?.. Front. Psychol., Vol. 12, No. 2, pp. 1–10. Https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.754556.
Y. Kurata, X. Nicole Bandoquillo, S. Marie Hernandez, R. Zyrene Monge., K. Francis Dominique Tomas. 2022. Factors Affecting Perceived Work Performance Among Work- From-Home Filipino Workforce: An Integration of the Job Demands-Resources Theory. Soc. Occup. Ergon., Vol. 65, No. 1. Https://doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1002667.
P. P. Zaw., Y. Takahashi. 2022. Effect of Transformational Leadership on Contextual Performance Mediated by Work Engagement and Moderated by Mindful Awareness. Merits, Vol. 2, No. 4, pp. 241–257, 2022 Https://doi.org/10.3390/merits2040017.
Z. Santalla-Banderali., J. M. Alvarado. 2020. Incidence of Leader–Member Exchange Quality, Communication Satisfaction, and Employee Work Engagement on Self-Evaluated Work Performance. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, Vol. 19, No. 14. Https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19148761.
A. B. Bakker., E. Demerouti. 2018. Towards a Model of Work Engagement. Career Dev. Int., Vol. 13, No. 3, pp. 209–223, 2008 Https://doi.org/10.1108/13620430810870476.
P. Sedgwick. 2023. Convenience sampling. Bmj, Vol. 347, No.2, pp. f6304–f6304. Https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.f6304.
A. F. Hayes. 2022. Model Templates for PROCESS for SPSS. Adn SAS, Vol. 31, No. 24. Https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315148878-9.
K. J. Preacher., A. F. Hayes. 2020. Asymptotic and Resampling Strategies for Assessing and Comparing Indirect Effects in Multiple Mediator Models. Behav. Res. Methods, Vol. 40, No. 3, pp. 879–891. Https://doi.org/10.3758/BRM.40.3.879.
Psyche 165 Journal has launched a new template since Vol. 15 (2022) No. 2
