Welas Asih Diri dan Gejala Gangguan Makan: Infleksibilitas Psikologis sebagai Mediator

Authors

  • Rinda A'anisah Universitas Indonesia
  • Dini Rahma Bintari Universitas Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.35134/jpsy165.v16i4.287

Keywords:

self-compassion, psychological inflexibility, eating disorder, emerging adulthood, mediation analysis

Abstract

Eating disorders are persistent problems related to eating behavior that can cause physical and psychosocial consequences. The increasing global prevalence of eating disorders underscores the need for an in-depth understanding of these disorders. It is known that the emergence of eating disorders is influenced by excessive evaluation one’s body and attempts to avoid unpleasant experiences. This indicates the role of psychological inflexibility in individuals with eating disorder symptoms. One of the protective factors against eating disorders is self-compassion, which is a gentle and loving attitude towards oneself, even when experiencing difficult experiences or emotions. Self-compassion helps individuals to become more flexible in dealing with their experiences and emotions, thereby avoiding maladaptive behavior. This study aims to examine the role of psychological inflexibility as a mediator in the relationship between self-compassion and eating disorder symptoms. This is a cross-sectional study involving 141 female participants aged 18-25 years (M=22,6, SD=2,02) who were obtained through convenience sampling techniques. Data retrieval is done using three measuring instruments, which are Self-compassion scale, acceptance and action questionnaire-II, and Eating Attitudes Test-13. The results showed that psychological inflexibility had a mediating effect in the relationship between self-compassion and eating disorder symptoms. Moreover, self-compassion cannot predict eating disorder symptoms directly without psychological inflexibility as an intermediary. It can be concluded that an individual's level of self-compassion lead to eating disorder symptoms through psychological inflexibility. The results also support the possible application of self-compassion interventions and acceptance and commitment therapy to treat eating disorder symptoms.

References

American Psychiatric Association. (2022). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed., Text Rev.). Https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425787.

Galmiche, M., Dechelotte, P., Lambert, G., & Tavolacci, M. P. (2019). Prevalence Of Eating Disorders Over the 2000–2018 Period: A Systematic Literature Review. Am J Clin Nutr, 109(5), 1402-1413. Https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqy342.

Pengpid, S., & Peltzer, K. (2018). Risk of disordered eating attitudes and its relation to mental health among university students in ASEAN. Springer, 23(3), 349-355. Https://doi.org/10.1007/s40519-018-0507-0.

Diana, R., Tanziha, I. (2020). Double-Duty Actions to Reduce the Double Burden of Malnutrition in Indonesia. Nutrition, 4(4), 326-334. Https://doi.org/10.20473/amnt.v4i4.2020.326-334.

Chairani, L. (2018). Body Shame dan Gangguan Makan: Kajian Meta Analisis. Buletin Psikologi, 26(1), 12-27. Https://doi.org/10.22146/buletinpsikologi.27084.

Potterton, R., Amelia, A., Allen, K., Lawrence, V., & Schidmt, U. (2020). “I’m Not A Teenager, I’m 22. Why Can’t I Snap Out Of It?”: A Qualitative Exploration of Seeking Help For A First-Episode Eating Disorder During Emerging Adulthood. Journal of Eating Disorders, 8(46), 1-14. Https://doi.org/10.1186/s40337-020-00320-5.

Levy, D. (2018). Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood. Oxford Medicine Online. Https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198766452.003.0009.

Berger, K. S. (2018). Life-Span Development. Psychology. Https://doi.org/10.1093/obo/9780199828340-0089.

Blakemore, S. J. (2019). Adolescence and Mental Health. Lancet, 393, 2030-2031. Https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2006.09.0.

Matud, M. P., Diaz, A., Bethencourt, J. M., & Ibanez, I. (2020). Stress and Psychological Distress in Emerging Adulthood: A Gender Analysis. J Clin Med., 9(9), 1-11. Https://doi.org/doi.org/10.3390%2Fjcm909285.

McClelland, J., Hodsoll, J., Brown, A., Lang, K., Boysen, E., Flynn, M., Schimdt, U. (2018). A Pilot Evaluation of A Novel First Episode and Rapid Early Intervention Service for Eating Disorders (FREED). Eur Eat Disord Rev., 26(2), 129-140. Https://doi.org/10.1002/erv.2579.

Ambwani, S., Cardi, V., Albano, G., Cao, L., Crosby, R., Macdonald, P., Treasure, J. (2020). A Multicenter Audit of Outpatient Care for Adult Anorexia Nervosa: Symptom Trajectory, Service Use, and Evidence in Support of "Early Stage" Versus "Severe and Enduring" Classification. Int J Eat Disord., 53(8), 1337-1348. Https://doi.org/10.1002/eat.23246.

Mitrofan, O., Petkova, H., Janssens, A., Kelly, J., Edwards, E., Nicholls, D., Byford, S. (2019). Care Experiences of Young People with Eating Disorders and Their Parents: Qualitative Study. BJPsych Open, 5(1), 1-8. Https://doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2018.78.

Dubois, L., Bedard, B., Goulet, D., Prud'homme, D., Tremblay, R. E., & Boivin, M. (2022). Eating Behaviors, Dietary Patterns and Weight Status in Emerging Adulthood and Longitudinal Associations with Eating Behaviors In Early Childhood. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 19(139), 1-11. Https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-022-01376-z.

Filipponi, C., Visentini, C., Filippini, T., Cutino, A., Ferri, P., Rovesti, S., Lorenzo, R. D. (2022). The Follow-Up Of Eating Disorders from Adolescence to Early Adulthood: A Systematic Review. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 19(23), 1-19. Https://doi.org/10.3390%2Fijerph192316237.

Linardon, J., Tylka, T. L., & Fuller-Tyszkiewicz, M. (2021). Intuitive Eating and Its Psychological Correlates: A Meta-Analysis. Int J Eat Disord, 54(7), 1073-1098. Https://doi.org/10.1002/eat.23509.

Erismadewi, P. P., Swadarma, K. E., & Antari, G. A. (2022). Hubungan Welas Asih Diri dengan Citra Tubuh pada Remaja di SMA Negeri 2 Semarapura. Community of Publishing in Nursing (COPING), 10(1), 38-45. Https://dx.doi.org/10.24843/coping.2022.v10.i01.p06.

Geller, J., Samson, L., Maiolino, N., Megumi, M. I., Kelly, A. C., & Srikameswaran, S. (2022). Self-Compassion and Its Barriers: Predicting Outcomes from Inpatient and Residential Eating Disorders Treatment. Journal of Eating Disorders, 114(10), 1-10. Https://doi.org/10.1186/s40337-022-00640-8.

Neff, K. D. (2023). Self-Compassion: Theory, Method, Research, and Intervention. The Annual Review of Psychology, 74, 193-218. Https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-032420-031047.

Turk, F., & Waller, G. (2020). Is Self-Compassion Relevant to the Pathology And Treatment of Eating and Body Image Concerns? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Clinical Psychology Review, 79, 101856. Https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2020.101856.

Kauffman, B., Garey, L., & Zvolensky, M. J. (2022). Psychological Inflexibility in Terms of Eating Behaviors Among Individuals Seeking Treatment for Comorbid Affective Vulnerabilities and Weight-Related Behaviors. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 26, 168-172. Https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcbs.2022.09.006.

Trimawati, T., & Wakhid, A. (2018). Studi Deskriptif Perilaku Emotional Eating Mahasiswa yang Mengerjakan Skripsi di Universitas Ngudi Waluyo Ungaran. Jurnal Smart Keperawatan, 5(1), 52-60. Https://doi.org/10.34310/Jskp.V5i1.164.

Fresnics, A. A., Wang, S. B., & Borders, A. (2019). The Unique Associations Between Self-Compassion and Eating Disorder Psychopathology and the Mediating Role of Rumination. Psychiatry Research, 274, 91-97. Https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2019.02.019.

Crabtree, M. A., Hale, W. J., Meyer, E. C., Kimbrel, N. A., DeBeer, B. B., Gulliver, S. B., & Morissette, S. B. (2021). Dynamics of Risk: Recent Changes in Psychological Inflexibility Precede Subsequent Changes in Returning US Veterans’ Posttraumatic Stress. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 77(11), 2507–2528. Https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.23244.

Petersen, J. M., Durward, C., Levin, M. (2021). Weight-Related Psychological Inflexibility As A Mediator Between Weight Self-Stigma and Health-Related Outcomes. Bull Menninger Clin., 85(3), 316-330. Https://doi.org/10.1521/bumc.2021.85.3.316.

Morton C., Mooney, T. A., Lozano, L. L., Adams, E. A., Makriyianis, H. M., Liss, M. (2020). Psychological Inflexibility Moderates the Relationship Between Thin-Ideal Internalization and Disordered Eating. Eat Behav, 36, 1-5. Https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eatbeh.2019.101345.

Usubini, A. G., Varallo, G., Giusti, E. M., Cattivelli, R., Granese, V., Consoli, S., Castelnuovo, G. (2022). The Mediating Role of Psychological Inflexibility in the Relationship Between Anxiety, Depression and Emotional Eating in Adult Individuals with Obesity. Front Psychol, 13, 1-7. Https://doi.org/10.3389%2Ffpsyg.2022.861341.

Wang, X., & Cheng, Z. (2020). Cross-Sectional Studies: Strengths, Weaknesses, and Recommendations. Chest, 158(1), 65-71. Https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chest.2020.03.012.

Sugianto, D., Sutanto, S., & Suwartono, C. (2020). Reliabilitas dan Validitas Self-Compassion Scale Versi Bahasa Indonesia. Jurnal Psikologi Ulayat, 7(2), 177-191. Https://doi.org/10.24854/jpu02020-337.

Manuntung, A. (2020). Hubungan Pengetahuan dan Sikap dengan Pola Makan Sebagai Faktor Resiko Diabetes Melitus. Media Informasi, 15(2), 138–142. Https://doi.org/10.37160/bmi.v15i2.393.

Radyani, A. M., Indra, G. C., & Oriza, I. I. (2021). The Relationship Between Stress and Well-Being: the Mediating Roles of Students' Psychological Flexibility And Loneliness During the Ccoronavirus Pandemic. Psychological Research on Urban Society, 2(4), 1-17. Https://doi.org/10.7454/proust.v4i2.100.

Pallant, J. (2020). Getting to know IBM SPSS Statistics. SPSS Survival Manual, 15–24. Https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003117452-4.

Field-Fote, E. E. (2019). Mediators and Moderators, Confounders and Covariates: Exploring the Variables that Illuminate or Obscure the “Active Ingredients” In Neurorehabilitation. Journal of Neurologic Physical Therapy, 43(2), 83–84. Https://doi.org/10.1097/NPT.0000000000000275.

Bergunde, L., Dritschel, B. (2020). The Shield of Self-Compassion: A Buffer Against Disordered Eating Risk from Physical Appearance Perfectionism. PLoS ONE, 15(1), 1-17. Https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0227564.

Büyüköksüz, E., & Tekin, I. (2023). Self-Compassion as a Mediator of the Relationship Between Psychological Inflexibility and Resilience. Spiritual Psychology and Counseling, 8(2), 179-193. Https://doi.org/10.37898/spiritualpc.1276031.

Inwood E, Ferrari M. (2018). Mechanisms of Change in the Relationship Between Self-Compassion, Emotion Regulation, and Mental Health: A Systematic Review. Appl Psychol

Health Well Being, 10(2), 215-235. Https://doi.org 10.1111/aphw.12127.

Tran, M. A. Q., Vo-Thanh, T., Soliman, M., Khoury, B., & Chau, N. N. T. (2022). Self-Compassion, Mindfulness, Stress, and Self-Esteem Among Vietnamese University Students: Psychological Well-Being and Positive Emotion as Mediators. Mindfulness, 13(10), 2574–2586. Https://doi. org/10.1007/s12671-022-01980-x.

Egan, S. J., Rees, C. S., Greene, D., Fitzallen, G., Brown, S. W., & Finlay-Jones, A. (2022). A Review of Self-Compassion as an Active Ingredient in the Prevention and Treatment of Anxiety and Depression in Young People. Adm Policy Ment Health, 49(3), 385-403. Https://doi.org/10.1007/s10488-021-01170-2.

Williamson, D. A., White, M. A., York-Crowe, E., & Stewart, T. M. (2004). Cognitive-Behavioral Theories of Eating Disorders. Behavior Modification, 28(6), 711-38. Https://doi.org/10.1177/0145445503259853.

Mares, S. H. W., Burger, J., Lemmens, L. H. J. M., van Elburg, A. A., Vroling, M. S. (2022). Evaluation Of The Cognitive Behavioral Theory of Eating Disorders: A Network Analysis Investigation. Eating Behaviors, 44, 1-7. Https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eatbeh.2021.101590.

Heatherton T. F, Baumeister R. F. Binge Eating as Escape from Self-Awareness. (1991). Psychol Bull, 10(1), 86-108. Https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.110.1.86.

Peschel, S.K.V., Fürtjes, S., Voss, C., Sigrist, C., Berwanger, J., Ollmann, T.M., Kische, H., Rückert, F., Koenig, J., Beesdo, B.K. (2023). Temporal Associations Between Experiential Avoidance and Disordered Eating Behaviors in Adolescents and Young Adults: Findings froman Epidemiological Cohort Study with Ecological Momentary Assessment. Eat Weight Disord., 28(1), 1-12. Https://doi.org/10.1007/s40519-023-01584-x.

Asl, E. M., Abdi, L., Sadegh, A. M., Behrouzian, F. (2021). The Mediating Role of Self Compassion in the Relationship Between Positive Reactivity, Negative Reactivity, and Perfectionism with Disordered Eating. J Edu Health, 10, 1-6. Https://doi.org/10.4103/jehp.jehp_1485_20.

Messer, M., Anderson, C., Linardon, J. (2021). Self-Compassion Explains Substantially More Variance in Eating Disorder Psychopathology and Associated Impairment Than Mindfulness. Body Image, 36, 27-33. Https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2020.10.002.

Downloads

Published

2023-10-30

How to Cite

A’anisah, R., & Bintari, D. R. (2023). Welas Asih Diri dan Gejala Gangguan Makan: Infleksibilitas Psikologis sebagai Mediator. Psyche 165 Journal, 16(4), 256–263. https://doi.org/10.35134/jpsy165.v16i4.287

Issue

Section

Articles