Memahami Keyakinan Diri Ibu Berusia Remaja: Studi Kualitatif Mengenai Maternal Self-efficacy

Ocha Ananda Suherik; Rini Hildayani

doi:10.35134/jpsy165.v17i3.375

Authors

Ocha Ananda Suherik Universitas Indonesia
Rini Hildayani Universitas Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.35134/jpsy165.v17i3.375

Keywords:

maternal self-efficacy, ibu berusia remaja, studi kualitatif, fenomenologi, pengasuhan

Abstract

Ibu berusia remaja seringkali mengalami kesulitan dan tantangan dalam menjalankan perannya sebagai orang tua, baik dari aspek fisik, emosional, maupun finansial. Hal tersebut dapat berdampak pada kurang optimalnya pengasuhan yang ia berikan, serta dapat menghambat tercapainya pemaknaan ibu dalam menjalankan perannya. Salah satu faktor penting yang berperan bagi keberhasilan ibu dalam menjalankan perannya adalah maternal self-efficacy, yaitu keyakinan diri terhadap kemampuan dan kompetensi dalam melakukan pengasuhan. Ibu dengan maternal self-efficacy yang rendah cenderung memiliki persepsi negatif dan memiliki kerentanan yang lebih tinggi terhadap pengasuhan yang tidak optimal. Sebaliknya, ibu dengan maternal self-efficacy yang tinggi cenderung memiliki kemampuan untuk merawat anak dengan lebih optimal, lebih memiliki kedekatan dengan anak, serta memiliki mekanisme mengelola stres yang baik. Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa ibu berusia remaja cenderung memiliki pengalaman dan kesiapan yang terbatas untuk mengasuh anak, sehingga seringkali merasa tidak kompeten dan tidak percaya diri. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengeksplorasi gambaran maternal self-efficacy pada ibu berusia remaja dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhinya. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah studi kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi fenomenologi. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan wawancara mendalam kepada tiga ibu berusia dibawah 18 tahun yang memiliki satu anak dibawah 3 tahun. Data dari hasil wawancara diolah menggunakan analisis tematik. Hasil penelitian menggambarkan ketiga partisipan tidak merasa yakin dalam menjalankan perannya sebagai ibu. Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi minimnya maternal self-efficacy yang mereka miliki adalah usia, minimnya kemampuan regulasi emosi, dukungan yang terbatas dari suami dan keluarga, minimnya pengetahuan dan pendidikan yang mereka miliki, serta terbatasnya kondisi finansial.

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