Flexible Working Arrangement sebagai Kiblat Metode Kerja di Asia: Tinjauan Literatur Sistematis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35134/jpsy165.v17i4.439Keywords:
implementasi, sistem kerja, fleksibel, tantangan, kesiapanAbstract
Seiring terjadinya pandemi COVID-19 yang merubah tatanan kehidupan di masyarakat, pada bidang industri banyak perusahaan yang menerapkan sistem kerja fleksibel. Perpanjangan pemberlakuan sistem kerja fleksibel oleh beberapa perusahaan ditengarai karena adanya manfaat yang dirasakan baik dari segi karyawan, perusahaan, maupun masyarakat terlepas dari tantangan penerapan sistem kerja fleksibel yang terjadi. Tujuan dari penyelidikan ini adalah untuk menggali lebih dalam metode penerapan sistem kerja fleksibel di Asia sebagai evolusi prospektif dalam praktik ketenagakerjaan, menggunakan metodologi tinjauan literatur sistematis (systematic literature review) yang diambil dari 2 basis data elektronik sebagai sumber referensi utama. Pengumpulan literatur berbahasa Inggris dilakukan menggunakan basis data elektronik dengan rentang waktu 10 tahun, yakni tahun 2012 hingga 2022. Penelitian ini berfokus pada bagaimana kesiapan penerapan sistem kerja fleksibel di negara-negara Asia meliputi; India, China, Jepang, Malaysia, Pakistan, Korea Selatan, Thailand, Turki, Vietnam, Iran, Singapura, Sri Lanka, Bahrain, Kamboja, Uni Emirat Arab. Temuan penelitian ini menjelaskan gambaran komprehensif terkait perusahaan di Asia. Penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa 91,5% pekerja menginginkan fleksibilitas waktu kerja dan 89% menginginkan fleksibilitas lokasi kerja. Pembahasan pada penelitian ini memuat uraian seputar flexible working arrangement yang ditinjau dari segi kesiapan pemberi kerja, kesiapan sumber daya manusia, potensi hambatan, pandangan masyarakat umum, serta bentuk penerapan sistem kerja. Penelitian ini dapat berfungsi sebagai referensi bagi pembuat kebijakan dalam rangka membangun sistem kerja fleksibel sebagai paradigma baru ketenagakerjaan di negara-negara Asia, yang komprehensif bagi seluruh pihak yang terlibat.
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