Gambaran Perbedaan Tingkat Burnout Perawat Berdasarkan Karakteristik Pribadi Selama Pandemi COVID-19
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35134/jpsy165.v17i4.451Keywords:
burnout, Covid-19, perawat, tenaga kesehatan, kesejahteraanAbstract
Pandemi Covid-19, yang disebabkan oleh virus SARS-CoV-2, menempatkan tenaga kesehatan, terutama perawat, sebagai garda terdepan dalam menangani pasien. Beban kerja yang tinggi dan risiko penularan langsung menyebabkan perawat menghadapi tekanan fisik dan psikologis yang signifikan. Mereka kerap merasa cemas, takut menularkan penyakit, kelelahan berkepanjangan, hingga mengalami gejala trauma. Di Amerika Serikat, 63% tenaga kesehatan melaporkan mengalami stres terkait pandemi, yang disebabkan oleh beban kerja berlebih, peningkatan pasien, dan rasa takut. Kondisi tersebut dapat menyebabkan burnout, yakni kondisi kelelahan ekstrem yang melibatkan gangguan kognitif dan emosional serta tekanan mental. Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 83% tenaga kesehatan mengalami burnout, baik dalam tingkat sedang maupun berat. Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi burnout meliputi beban kerja, karakteristik pasien, ketidakpuasan kerja, dan kualitas pelayanan. Burnout juga dipengaruhi oleh karakteristik personal, seperti usia dan jenis kelamin, di mana perawat yang lebih tua lebih mampu mengelola emosi dibandingkan perawat yang lebih muda, dan perawat perempuan lebih rentan terhadap stres dibandingkan laki-laki. Pentingnya kesehatan mental dan fisik perawat sangat ditekankan agar mereka dapat memberikan pelayanan yang optimal kepada pasien. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perbedaan burnout di kalangan perawat di Jakarta berdasarkan karakteristik personal mereka. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif dan non eksperimental. Untuk pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik convenience sampling, dan jumlah partisipan sebanyak 121 partisipan. Alat ukur yang digunakan adalah Burnout Assessment Tool. Hasil penelitian ini menemukan adanya tingkat burnout yang rendah pada perawat.
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